<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Español - Portugués</FONT><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Español</FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Dr. Andriy Vorotniak de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Aquí Andrés Ricardo Perez Riera de SP Brasil. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal GB18030 Bitmap; min-height: 17px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">INCIDENCIA DE ARRITMIAS SUPRAVENTRICULARES EN EL SÍNDROME DE BRUGADA </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal GB18030 Bitmap; min-height: 17px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">El ritmo es el usual; sin embargo, los pacientes con síndrome de Brugada (SBr) exhiben una proporción anormalmente alta de arritmias auriculares que se encuentran en el 10 al 25% de los casos, puesto que el sustrato arritmogénico no está limitado a los ventrículos. En el descubrimiento original de los hermanos Brugada (1992) (1), se mencionó FA temporal, así como lo hicieron autores de Brasil (2) y Japón (3). Los últimos mencionaron que la forma paroxística de la FA se observa en el 30% de los casos. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal GB18030 Bitmap; min-height: 17px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Una publicación de Eckardt y cols (2001) (4), indica frecuencia de arritmias supraventriculares de 29%. Estos autores describieron episodios de taquicardia AV supraventricular con reentrada. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal GB18030 Bitmap; min-height: 17px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Hay referencias de síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White tipo A asociado con SBr (5-6).</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Lucida Grande; min-height: 16px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Hay proceso patológico más avanzado en los pacientes con SBr con arritmias auriculares espontáneas y la inducibilidad ventricular se relacionó significativamente con historia de arritmias auriculares. La incidencia de arritmias auriculares en pacientes con electrocardiograma espontáneo de SBr fue 26% vs. 10% en pacientes con ECG inducido por flecainida. En pacientes con indicación de CDI, la incidencia de arritmias auriculares alcanzó 27% vs. 13% en pacientes con SBr pero sin indicación de CDI;</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Lucida Grande; min-height: 16px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Las descargas inadecuadas por episodios de arritmias auriculares se observaron en 14% de pacientes con CDI vs. 10,5% de descargas adecuadas;</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Lucida Grande; min-height: 16px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">El implante de dispositivo unicameral es un factor predictivo independiente de descargas CDI inadecuadas;</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Lucida Grande; min-height: 16px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Una programación cuidadosa de CDI unicameral debe recomendarse para evitar descargas inadecuadas en pacientes con SBr (7).</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Lucida Grande; min-height: 16px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">La arritmia de origen auricular fue el único ritmo patológico espontáneo observado en un paciente de 46 años con SBr por Boveda y cols (8).</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">En consecuencia, llevó a reconsiderar su prevalencia en pacientes con este síndrome, tanto en la literatura y según la experiencia personal de Boveda. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal GB18030 Bitmap; min-height: 17px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Un hombre de 41 años con SBr sin episodios previos de MSC abortada o síncope, fue derivado a la sala de emergencias local por episodio de FA sintomática. Los resultados de los análisis de sangre mostraron hipocalemia (2,9 mEq/L). Los otros parámetros se encontraban dentro del rango normal. Luego de unos pocos minutos, ocurrió episodio de FV, tratado con descarga de corriente directa bifásica de 150 J. En 2 horas sucesivas, el paciente experimentó episodios recurrentes de TV y FV. Cada descarga de corriente directa bifásica de 150 J fue efectiva para restaurar el ritmo sinusal. No hubo más episodios luego de normalización de los niveles séricos de potasio. Antes de la descarga, se insertó CDI para evitar MSC. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">La hipocalemia aumenta el riesgo de eventos arrítmicos en el SBr (9). La hipocalemia aumenta el riesgo de eventos arrítmicos en el SBr (10).</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Lucida Grande; min-height: 16px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">La disfunción del nodo sinusal (NS) no es un trastorno concomitante raro en el SBr, y hay una posible conexión genética. El NS se asocia con FA (11).</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">-------------</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Portugués</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Dr. Andriy Vorotniak de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Aqui é Andres Ricardo </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Perez Riera de SP Brasil.</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">A INCIDÊNCIA DE ARRITMIAS SUPRAVENTRICULARES NA SÍNDROME DE BRUGADA</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">O ritmo sinusal é o freqüente; entretanto, nos pacientes com síndrome de Brugada (SBr) exibem uma proporção anormal alta de arritmias atriais que são encontradas em 10-25% dos casos desde que o substrato arritmogênico não é limitado aos ventrículos. Na descoberta original pelos irmãos Brugada (1992) (1), FA transitória foi mencionada, assim como pelos autores do Brasil (2) e pelos do Japão (3). Os últimos mencionaram que a forma paroxística da FA é observada em 30% dos casos.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">A publicação de Eckardt L et al (2001) (4) indica uma freqüência de arritmias supraventriculares de 29%. Estes autores descreveram episódios de taquiarritmias supraventricular por reentrada AV.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Existem referências de síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White tipo A associada a SBr (5-6).</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Existe um processo de doença mais avançado nos pacientes com SBr com arritmias atriais espontâneas e a inducibilidade ventricular foi relacionada significativamente a história de arritmias atriais. A incidência de arritmias atriais nos pacientes com eletrocardiograma espontâneo de SBr foi de 26% vs 10% nos pacientes com ECG induzido por flecainida. Nos pacientes uma indicação de CDI, a incidência de arritmia atrial alcança 27% vs 13% nos pacientes com SBr sem indicação de CDI;</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Choques inapropriados devido a episódios de arritmias atriais foram observados em 14% dos pacientes com CDI vs 10,5% dos choques apropriados;</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">O implante de um dispositivo de câmara única é um fator preditivo independente de de descargas inapropriadas do CDI;</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Uma programação cuidadosa de um CDI de câmara única deveria ser recomendada para impedir descargas inapropriadas nos pacientes com SBr (7). </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Arritmia de origem atrial foi o único ritmo espontâneo patológico observado num paciente homem de 46 anos com SBr por Boveda et al (8).</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Conseqüentemente isto leva a reconsiderar sua prevalência nos pacientes que apresentam esta síndrome tanto na literatura como de acordo com o tempo de experiência pessoal de Boveda.</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Um homem de 41anos de idade com SBr e sem episódios prévios de MCS abortada ou síncope foi referido para a emergência local por um episódio de FA sintomático. A bioquímica sanguínea demonstrou hipocalemia (2.9mEq/L). Os outros parâmetros estavam dentro da normalidade. Após poucos minutos, um episódio de FV foi tratado com cardioversão bifásica com 150J. Nas 2 horas seguintes, o paciente experimentou episódios recorrentes de TV e FV. Cada choque bifásico de 150J foi efetivo em restaurar o ritmo sinusal. Não ocorreram mais episódios após a normalização dos níveis séricos de potássio. Antes da alta, foi inserido um CDI para prevenir MCS.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Hipocalemia aumenta o risco de eventos arrítmicos na SBr (10). </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Disfunção do nó sinusal (DNS) não é uma doença concomitante rara na SBr e existe uma possível conecção genética. DNS está associada com FA (11).</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Referências</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">1) Brugada P, Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: A distinct clinical and </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">electrocardiographic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992, 20: 1391-1396</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">2) Villacorta H, Faig Torres RA, SimF5es de Castro IR, Lambert H. de </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Araujo Gonzales Alonso R.: Morte subita em paciente com bloqueio de </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">ramo direito e elevacao persistente do segmento ST. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1996; 66:( N4) 229-231</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">3) Itoh H, Shimizu M, Ino H, et al. Hokuriku Brugada Study Group. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Arrhythmias in-patients with Brugada-type electrocardiograph findings. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Jpn Circ J 2001; 65:483-6</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">4) Eckardt L, Kirchhof P, Loh P, et al. Brugada Syndrome and </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias: A Novel Association? J Cardiovasc </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Electrophysiol 2001; 12:680-685</FONT></DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">5) Eckardt L, Kirchhof P, Johna R, Haverkamp W, Breithardt G, Borggrefe </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">M. : Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with Brugada syndrome. </FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001;24(9 Pt 1):1423-4.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">6) Bodegas AI, Arana JI, Vitoria Y, Arriandiaga JR, Barrenetxea JI. Brugada syndrome in a patient with accessory pathway. Europace 2002; 4:87-9</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">7) Bordachar P, Reuter S, Garrigue S, Cai X, Hocini M, Jais P, Haissaguerre M, Clementy J. Incidence, clinical implications and prognosis of atrial arrhythmias in brugada syndrome.Eur Heart J. 2004;25:879-884.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">8) Boveda S, Combes N, Albenque JP, et al. Brugada syndrome and supraventricular arrhythmiasArch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 2004; 97: 688-692.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">9) Notarstefano P, Pratola C, Toselli T, et al. Atrial fibrillation and recurrent ventricular fibrillation during hypokalemia in Brugada syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005; 28:1350-1353.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">10) Notarstefano P, Pratola C, Toselli T, et al Atrial fibrillation and recurrent ventricular fibrillation during hypokalemia in Brugada syndrome.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">11) Sumiyoshi M, Nakazato Y, Tokano T, Sinus node dysfunction concomitant with Brugada syndrome. Circ J. 2005; 69:946-950.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">All the best</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Arial; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Andrés Ricardo Pérez Riera</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Chief of Electro-Vectocardiology Sector of the Discipline of Cardiology,</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">ABC Faculty of Medicine (FMABC), Foundation of ABC (FUABC)</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">- Santo André - São Paulo - Brazil.</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Rua Sebastião Afonso 885 - Zip Code: 044417-100- Jardim Miriam S.P Brazil-</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 19px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR></FONT><DIV> <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; -khtml-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -khtml-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">--</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Dr.</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Sergio</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Dubner</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">President</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">of</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Scientific</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Committee</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Lucida Grande; min-height: 16px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial" size="3"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><BR style=""></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Dr.</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Edgardo</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Schapachnik</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">President</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">of</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Steering</FONT><SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></SPAN><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Committee</FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV></SPAN></DIV><DIV><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR></FONT></DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> Español - Portugués</FONT><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Español</FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Estimados colegas,</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Me gustaría hacer algunas preguntas sobre el valor pronóstico de las "palpitaciones" en los síndromes de Brugada y QT prolongado:</FONT></DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><OL><LI style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Qué riesgo de MS corre un paciente joven sin enfermedad cardiaca subyacente ni antecedentes heredo-familiares de MS, con un patrón ECG del síndrome de Brugada (o QT prolongado) y episodios autolimitados y aislados de "palpitaciones" (no registrados con el monitoreo Holter)?</FONT></LI><LI style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Cómo seguimos la evaluación de este paciente, si en el estudio electrofisiológico no se desencadena arrítmia ventricular?</FONT></LI><LI style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Existe alguna relación entre los síndromes mencionados e incidencia de taquiarrítmias supraventriculares?</FONT></LI></OL><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> </FONT></P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Muy agradecido,</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Dr. Andriy Vorotniak</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Buenos Aires, Ar gentina</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">----------------------------------</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Portugués</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Estimados colegas,</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Eu gostaria de fazer algumas perguntas sobre o valor prognóstico das "palpitações" nas síndromes de Brugada e QT longo:</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> 1. Que risco de morte súbita tem um paciente jovem sem doenças cardíacas nem antecedentes heredo-familiares de MS, com um ECG com padrão de Brugada (ou QT longo) e episódios autolimitados de "palpitações" (não registrados com a monitorização por holter)?</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> 2. Como prosseguimos a avaliação deste paciente, se no estudo eletrofisiológico não for desencadeada arritmia ventricular?</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"> 3. Existe alguma relação entra as síndromes mencionadas e a incidência de taquiarritmias supraventriculares?</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Muito agradecido,</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Dr. Andriy Vorotniak</FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial">Buenos Aires, Ar gentina</FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Arial"><BR></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>